Theories of Social Inequality

Karl Marx's theory to explain social inequality is based on the unequal division of resources between two groups: bourgeoisie and the proletariat, or the wealthy/ business owners and the laborers. According to Marx, the bourgeoisie have the monetary power to gain economical resources, as they own the businesses where the proletariat must work to gain money to survive. The bourgeoisie maintains this position by paying the proletariat Just enough to provide for his or her basic needs of survival. Marx states that the bourgeoisie create the social rules, cultural values and orms, and the proletariat goes along with it.This idea is the basis for what Marx calls, â€Å"false consciousness,† which is the idea that the† system† is working and there is no reason to change it because the proletariat hopes that one day he will become the bourgeoisie; this false hope is what keeps social inequality in a perpetual cycle. Marx believed that social inequality can be resolved thr ough the abolishment of capitalism altogether. He suggested that this could be made possible if the proletariat would stand up and revolt, and rise up against capitalism by refusing to ork and sell their very valuable labor, which the bourgeoisie needs in order to survive.Marx did not see social inequality as inevitable, unlike Max Weber. The basis for Weber's theory can be found in Karl Marx's theory, but takes it a step further and breaks the social structure up even more. According to Max Weber's theory behind social inequality, there are three major components that play into creating an unequal division in society: social class, status in society, and political parties. Each group directly relates to one another, although they are not all the same thing. Weber contends that social classes are divided because of certain lifestyles or opportunities that are given toa person.If a person is born into a wealthy family, he or she is automatically provided with a lifestyle that will pr opel him or her into success through money and/or properties, which inevitably creates an opportunity for power. This demonstrates how money and power clearly shapes classes. Classes do not always make up communities though. Communities are shaped by social status, which is one thing that Weber is clear about. Social status is defined by the pportunity for a wealthy lifestyle. The main difference between status and class is that of the value system within each of the groups.Through a lifestyle that one lives, ideals and values are developed, which creates one's political stance. Political parties are a direct reflection of the pattern that creates class and social status. They are all intermingled: class determines social status, which shapes ideals within a political party. Weber makes a strong argument that social stratification is inevitable or â€Å"guaranteed† because lifestyles (which you are born into) create status groups and nce those are established, over a period o f time, the people accept them as status quo.Once a standard of life is set, it is rarely moved. Karl Marx' theory behind social inequality is most compelling. It explains that social inequality, which is detrimental to so many, can be resolved. His theory gives hope for resolution and even offers a plan of action to do so, yet there have been little done by those who feel like they are oppressed by the unjust division ot resources to rise up and change the system which oppresses them. Marx' theory is timeless and continues to speak to those issues which are seen in todays society.

My learning experience

My Learning Experience l. The Peers In our first day, each other are Just strangers. But, In the end, we are like friends In a long time because we are close to each other. Our class becomes fun and happy at the same time. We did not pay so serious In our subject but when It comes to our Implementation we become serious and responsible. I learned how to socialize to others. When I'm in our class, I forget my problems and stress because to my classmates who are always Joking even If they Jokes are not so good, Oust kludging guys ha-ha).Mostly In my classmates are very friendly and enjoyable to be with them. And also, In my group mates where are responsible to each other assigned tasks. II. My Facilitator My facilitator is kind, understanding and responsible to do her Job. She has always very wide patience to us because we know that we are so jolly and sometimes irresponsible. She taught us many lesson and what is the easiest process in blood typing. Ill. My unforgettable Experience My unforgettable experience would be our flirt implementation because my group is signed to prick and examine what are the client's blood types.My friends know that I'm so afraid when I realize that my NSP program is about blood. And this is the best experience I ever had because this time I faced my fears in blood and injection. IV. What I learned? In this program, I learned so many things like for example how to get and examine what is the blood type of others; how to communicate with the clients and be friendly; and mostly, how to be responsible to the tasks where I'm assigned in a class.

Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas Research Paper

Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas - Research Paper Example He later proceeded to Yale Law School where he helped establish the Black student Union while at the same time developing a conservative approach to issues. After his legal training, Thomas moved back to the South in 1974 where he worked as the assistant to the Attorney General of Missouri Mr. John Danforth before later on taking up the job of being a lawyer to Monsanto, an agricultural firm. In 1981, he was appointed the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights at the United States Department of Education majorly due to his past in the civil rights movement and to balance the composition of this important part of the US government. He is now a conservative and controversial judge though initially he had wanted to pursue a religious life having had seminary education stints at the St. John Vianney Minor Seminary and Immaculate Conception Seminary in order to become a catholic priest or cleric. He however left the seminary and decided to fight for civil rights after he overheard a fellow student at the seminary make fun of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jnr. In the year 1982, President Ronald Reagan appointed Thomas as the Chairman of the EEOC, a position in which he held til the year 1990 when President George H.W Bush nominated him to serve as a Judge in the U.S Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. On July 1, 1991, after sixteen months as a judge of appeal, he was nominated to fill the position left vacant by Mr. Marshall who was almost similar with his views on civil rights at the Supreme Court. However, his nomination was opposed by critics who attacked him due to his views that were largely deemed conservative for the highest court of the land while others had the view that he had little experience as a judge of the superior courts. At the confirmation hearings, Thomas decided to remain quiet on a number of issues including rights on abortion and faced a difficult moment explaining himself out about suggestions that he had made unwelc ome sexual comments on a colleague both at the Department of Education and at the EEOC. However, he was confirmed by the United States Senate through a vote of fifty-two votes for him against forty-eight who opposed him. Thomas’s views at the Supreme Court have been the interpretation of the United States constitution from the original meaning by following from a conservative point of view (Totenberg). He has argued that the powers of the federal government must be limited and the states empowered as well as having a strong executive branch within the federal government. Clarence Thomas’s Legal Career and the Supreme Court Thomas was admitted to the Missouri bar on the 13th day of September 1974 from where he practised as an assistant Attorney General of the State of Missouri under Attorney General Danforth whom he had met at the Yale Law School. At the AG’s office, he worked at the criminal appeals section before being assigned duties at the taxation and revenu e division. After the election of Danforth to the United States senate, Thomas joined Monsanto as an attorney before moving to Washington to work with his former colleague Danforth where he worked as a legislative attorney attached to the Senate Commerce Committee. Later on Dansforth played a key role in the confirmation and appointment of Thomas as a judge of the Supreme Court. After a one year stint as Assistant Secretary of Education for the Office for Civil Rights in the U.S. Department of Education from 1981-1982, he became the Chairman of the United

Employee Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Relations - Research Paper Example An open discussion should be done with the employee so as to justify the reasons behind one’s termination without following any such discipline procedure. Unfair labor practices denote all those approaches incorporated in a workplace that is not aligned with overall hard work of employees. Such practices encompass pay cuts, retrenchment operations, elimination of two-way communication methods, discrimination amongst employees, sexual harassment, no such provision for rewards or appraisals, etc. Labor practices are considered to be unfair when employees have deprived off their basic rights. There are such incidents witnessed in PAC Resources Inc., as employees were facing pay cuts, job losses, and even some of the team members were being sexually harassed. In order to overcome such issues, senior management should design an open discussion forum where employees belonging to any department may put across their issues related to various labor practices (Gusdorf, 2011). This, in turn, will help to reduce such practices and incorporate possible alternatives. Unionization should always be prevented from becoming a vital component of an organization. In the context of PAC Resources, Inc., unionization needs to be eliminated from the system as this is initiating more conflicts between management and employees. This factor can be discouraged by providing employees with such a medium through which they can easily interact with HR department or even senior management. It can be stated that social media has become a common tool for establishing such interactions between individuals. This platform can be incorporated in PAC by designing a community in such networking sites. Employees can effectively put across their allegations on these sites. Apart from this technique, an open discussion platform will discourage such unionization. Through this forum on weekly basis employees can directly interact with top management.

The Sources of Conflict in the Middle East Essay

The Sources of Conflict in the Middle East - Essay Example 142). Other theories such as international relations, religious conflict and civil war theories have been used to explain the sources of conflict in the Middle East. Theories of international relations conceptualize what drives state-to-state relations and state behaviour. There are essentially two main theories of international relations: liberalists and neo-realists theories. Liberalists theorize that the spread of liberal politics will eventually lead to world peace while neo-realists theorize that the forces driving the international system encourages all states to â€Å"look to their own self-interests and to prepare for war† (Linklater 2000, p. 833). Looked at from the liberalist theory of international relations the sources of conflict in the Middle East derive from the fact that the region is comprised of non-liberal or non-democratic regimes. Liberalists argue that â€Å"political systems externalize norms of behviour that characterize their domestic process and inst itutions† (Attar 2009, p. 97). Therefore, democratic political systems focus on â€Å"peace† and â€Å"compromise† (Attar 2009, p. 97). Non-democratic political systems on the other hand, focus on â€Å"the elimination or subjugation of political opponents and the forceful resolution of political conflict† (Attar 2009, p. 97). ... It is conceptualized that liberal states temper conflicts among the citizenry because it not only protects human rights, but encourages citizens to express discontent (Sorli 2001). However, it can be argued that non-liberal states can also temper conflict by suppressing citizens’ rights to express discontent (Sorli 2001). It therefore follows that the liberalist theory of international relations is not a satisfactory explanation for the source of conflict in the Middle East. The non-democratic regimes in the Middle East can just as easily contribute to peace as it can contribute to conflict. According to Maoz, Landau and Malz (2004), the neo-realists theory of international relations finds currency in the modern history of the Middle East. According to the neo-realist theory of international relations, states are driven by self-interests and power politics to such an extent that conflict regionally and/or globally is unavoidable. As Maoz et al (2004) argues, Arab states in the Middle East often express a â€Å"common heritage†, yet they may exhibit conduct and values that are inconsistent with that heritage. Egypt made an attempt to harmonize Arab heritage in the Middle East during the 1950s and 1960s and was frequently in conflict with Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Jordan. Other attempts to harmonize the Arab Middle East such as the Baghdad Pact sponsored by the UK and the US also resulted in regional conflicts such as the Egyptian-Iraqi conflict during the 1950s (Maoz et al 2004). Power politics as espoused by neo-realist theories is also confirmed by Nasser’s attempt to circumvent and dismantle the monarchies in Arab and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia and Jordan responded with hostility. As Maoz et al (2004) observed:

Business Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Operations - Essay Example The essay "Business Operations" talks about the businesses operations in general by the example of Brazelia Med Spa company. The paper also analyzes what skills the effective manager should possess. Brazelia Med Spa is a B2C (Business to Customer) business with products and services ranging from medical, Intravenous nutrition, medical aesthetic, massage therapy, weight management, aesthetic, body care, chronic pain sports injury, and labs. There are also a number of procedures conducted in this institution such as intravenous nutrition therapy, Botox/Dysport and dermal fillers, weight management, and hormone replacement therapy. There are other Spas in Florida that compete with Brazelia in offering these services. Brazelia is a for-profit institution that has been open to the public since the year 2007 and hence has a strong customer base. This institution's mission is "to bring family's health to an optimal and harmonious balance". During my internship, I worked at the reception, insurance department, and financial department. My roles and responsibilities included organizing patients' applications alphabetically, filling out patients' information such as name, cell number, date of birth, and email address in a sheet, and putting all the important patients' details in the system. It was also my duty to ensure that all patients' confirmed their appointments. And it is worth noting that managers face many challenges blending knowledge, skills, ambitions, and expertise of a diverse group of employees.

Health Effect of Antibacterial Products Coursework

Health Effect of Antibacterial Products - Coursework Example From this discussion it is clear that the utilization of antibacterial and antibiotic products has its advantages. For instance, a prolonged use of antibacterial products can lead to a number of issues. As implied earlier, prolonged use of such products may interfere with the natural body flora. There exist some microorganisms that naturally inhabit our bodies in large numbers. However, prolonged use of antibacterial and antibiotic products tempers with their optimal levels and at times wipe them out. Such a situation leaves the host (human) susceptible to infections due to suppressed immunity system. Worse still, diminished microbiome levels cause the immunity to attack harmless substances. As a result, allergies and autoimmune disorders such as arthritis and asthma set in.This paper discusses that gut flora impacts health in many ways. Studies have shown a correlation between the gut flora and weight. Obese people have relatively less gut flora. Also, when â€Å"good† bacter ia feed on some foods such as beef and eggs, they produce a compound that boosts the risk of heart diseases. Such knowledge forms the basis of advising people to reduce high cholesterol food intakes. Furthermore, the interaction between body cells and gut bacteria plays a significant role in the development of a fully functional immune system.  Surely, the utilization of antibacterial products serves the purpose in the short-run.  

Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Breast Cancer - Research Paper Example The first reference to breast cancer appeared more than 3,500 years ago in ancient Greece (Aronowitz, 2007). The condition was described accurately as a bulging tumor of the breast of which no cure was known. Between 460 B.C. and 200 A.D., physicians from Hippocrates to Galen made efforts to understand the structure of a cancer tumor, noting especially the black fluid that is released when a tumor bursts. Since there were no methods to slow the progress of breast cancer, it became a disease that affected the entire body, making treatment options like surgery not a viable possibility. More breakthroughs were made during the 17th and 18th centuries, during which theories were debunked and others were formed to gain a better understanding of what causes breast cancer. French physicians Francois de la Boe Sylvius and Claude-Deshais Gendron were among the first to find connections between the transformation of lymphatic fluids and glandular tissue and the occurrence of breast cancer (Lacr oix, 2011). Friedrich Hoffman also hypothesized that lymphatic blockage caused breast cancer but as a result of too much or not enough sex. Though the causes of breast cancer were continuously debated, it was in 1757 when French physician Henri Le Dran determined that removing the tumor and infected lymph nodes could treat breast cancer, thus creating the modern mastectomy. The 19th and 20th centuries brought with them more treatment options for breast cancer. William Halstead, a New York surgeon, introduced other methods of breast removal, from the entire breast to just the cancerous sections. It was also discovered, by Scottish surgeon George Beatson, that the removal of ovaries decreased the size of tumors as the estrogen from ovaries help tumors to grow. Then, in 1955, physicians George Crile and Bernard Fisher confirmed what physicians from centuries past assumed: cancer was not localized but was capable of spreading if left untreated. This is where our current knowledge of bre ast cancer ends. Causes Breast cancer is among many other forms of cancer in which there are no definite causes of the condition. It is known that â€Å"breast cancer develops when some cells within the breasts grow abnormally (Pasqualini, 2008)†. Unlike healthier cells, these mutated cells divide more rapidly and then gather together until they create a mass or lump, which is the point of cancer. These cancerous cells then have the ability to spread through the breast and to other parts of the body. However, while the formation of the mutated cells is almost entirely understood, it is not yet clear what prompts these cells to grow the way that they do, thus causing breast cancer. Despite not knowing the precise causes of breast cancer, doctors and scientists have discovered factors that can increase one’s risk of developing this condition. One such risk factor is gender with women being more prone to developing breast cancer than men, though men are not immune to this condition. Genetics are another risk factor as some cases of breast cancer are believed to be hereditary, which would involve an individual with breast cancer passing on the mutated genes to their children. Similarly, individuals who have a family history of breast cancer are at risk for developing the condition. Lifestyle factors can also pose a risk, including

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Philosophy - Essay Example An analysis of the philosophical works of Plato and his representations of Socrates together with Marx’s Communist Manifesto informs of the ideological underpinnings of philosophy and its contribution to Western philosophy. Socrates’ died in much the same way as he lived: exuding in his philosophical logic that the body and the soul are separate entities. In Jacques-Louis David’s (1787) Death of Socrates the ancient Greek philosopher is sitting on his death bed and is about to take hemlock from his executioner, but he remains animated and talkative. The impression left by the painting is that while his disciples and the executioner are profoundly saddened by his death, Socrates continues to believe in his philosophy that the soul is timeless although the body is not. David’s (1787) painting therefore represents the perpetuation of Socrates’ philosophy. Within ten years of Socrates’ death, his philosophical ideologies were carried over by Plat o, one of his most ardent students/disciples (Graham, 1992). Much of Plato’s philosophical writings appear to be a mere â€Å"reproduction of speeches delivered by other persons† particularly Socrates (Merlan, 1947, p. 406). ... Thus Plato invites profound logic and thinking about the distinction between what an individual knows and what an individual believes in determining by logical deduction that which is representative of the truth. In Western justice systems, jurors are instructed to assess the evidence and to determine for themselves what they believe to be a true and just verdict. Jurors are not instructed to arrive at the actual truth. Thus Plato’s Theaetetus can be said to inform the mechanisms of the Western justice system’s fact finding purpose. Plato once again revisits the issue of knowledge through a dialogue with Socrates in The Republic. Plato questions whether or not the man who professes ignorance is more knowledgeable than the politician who purports to know all things when he does not (Plato, 2000). Through Socrates and his dialogue with a number of Greeks, Plato focuses on a debate that underpins theories of justice, politics, morality and knowledge. Thus The Republic is o ften described as one of the greatest influences on Western philosophy (Blackburn, 2008). Plato’s Republic examines the meaning of justice and explores whether or not it is achieved via the fear or threat of punishment. The dialogue in The Republic asks a series of questions relative to justice and social order and ultimately concludes that justice is necessary. Essentially, Plato constructs the ideal politically just society which consists of different classes of individual within an hierarchal construct (Plato, 2000). Plato’s Apology is yet another immortalization of Socrates and expresses Socrates defense at this trial. Socrates was put on trial for failure to follow the Gods

Impact of Recent Specific External Environmental Change Essay

Impact of Recent Specific External Environmental Change - Essay Example Planning is the outlined steps on how to achieve your company’s goal. For instance, I am currently working with a toy company and I apply these skills on a daily basis. However, one will realize it is important to outline steps on how to offer the best services, attract a large market share and how to expand services internationally. Organizing falls right after planning. After the manager has come up with a good plan, the manager starts to organize the materials and staff according to the plan (Adrienne 2006, p. 68). He or she will give authority to staff. Similarly, different staff members usually perform different duties. Staffing is also a key contributor to a good managerial function. A manager must work hand in hand with the human resource department in the company to ensure recruitment, training, selecting and developing employees is perfect. This helps the company in having qualified and hardworking staff. In addition, the manager needs more than just organizing or pla nning. The manager needs to motivate his employees. He also needs to encourage his employees. He can achieve this by solving the arising problems that the employees are facing. This helps in building a good relationship between the employees and the manager. Consequently, controlling also being one of the major functions is important. After all the four functions are in place, the manager has to be checking on the progress just to ensure that the organization is running smoothly. He has to check and ensure that the company is running in accordance with the set objectives and goals. Hence, the manager has to be in control. The external environment has two major divisions, namely: direct and indirect interactive (Bassie 2008, p. 161). In direct interactive, the environment has an immediate impact on the organization. A new competitor entering the market is a good example for direct interactive. However, in indirect interactive the environment has a secondary impact on the organization . Similarly, planning being the major role of management requires modernized and accurate decision making for the company’s achievement. It is evident that without planning, one is destined to fail. Additionally, planning gives an organization a sense of direction in that they are able to deal with any organizational problem efficiently (Burke 2010, p. 8). Without a plan, organizations are likely to make temporary choices that will impinge on the organization in the end. With a plan, long-term decisions make the organization work efficiently. Planning gives the employees a sense of motivation. The employees knowing the results will work tirelessly towards the purposed goal. In addition, it brings teamwork, with a well-outlined plan; people of different roles are able to work together in harmony knowing what they are supposed to do. Planning helps reduce potential problems in the future; it makes problem solving easier because the people involved already know how they will han dle it. Similarly, a good plan helps in decision-making. However,

Section 176 Of Companies Act 1965 Essay Example for Free

Section 176 Of Companies Act 1965 Essay In Malaysia companies Act 1965 (CA), is one of the vital statutes which govern and regulate the formation and operation of a company. All the sections in this statute govern each and every part of company governance. In this case section 176 of Companies Act plays a very important role on arrangements and reconstruction of a company when the company heavily burdened with debt. Financial crisis is the most dangerous and a serious disadvantage for a company, in such situations companies normally will use this provision to escape and avoid liabilities against their creditors. This section allows the company to make arrangement and reconstruction where they can negotiate with the other parties such as creditors regarding the debt they owe. Section 176(5) of CA, must be read together with section 176 (3) of CA, where this section stress that the order made under subsection (3) is not valid until a copy of the said order is given to the registrar and only after the order is lodged, the said order will carry a binding effect from the date of the order lodgment. On the other hand, if the court find is reasonable than the court may determine any earlier date as specified in the order. This section basically talks about the date and effectiveness of the notice which been agreed by members and creditors as per subsection (3) of this provision.1 According to subsection (6), a copy of the order which made under subsection (3), must be put together or annexed with every single copy of the company’s memorandum which is issued after the order made under subsection (3).2 In the event where the company does not have a memorandum, than the order should be annexed to all instruments constituting or defining the constitution of the company. This is generally to give knowledge to a third party about the agreement between the company and the members or creditors. In this case the court may and have power to determine the period of time where the company shall comply to subsection (6). This can be seen in subsection (7) of the same provision.3 Any company fail to follow subsection (6) will be guilty of an offence against subsection (9) of the same provision where penalty of RM 2,000.00 will be imposed.4 Section 176 (10) of CA, govern the power of court to restrain proceedings.5 Here in this subsection, when there is no resolution or arrangement is made by members and creditors with company, the court have power to restrain further  proceedings in any action against the company. There are certain things the company has to do once the company obtains such order from the court. First, the company shall lodge a copy to Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM). Second, the company should publish the obtained order in newspapers so that all the members and creditors of the company can know about the restrain order. Subsection (10A) says that the court may grant the restrain order for a period of not more than 90 days but there are four situations where the courts can extent the period of the restrain order for good reason. Firstly, the court must be satisfied that there is a proposal for compromise or arrangement between the company and the creditors and the creditor who representing this must hold one half of the value of all creditors which is basically 50 percent. Secondly, the court must feel that the restraining order is important for the company and the creditors to make arrangements or scheme of compromise for the approval of the creditors. Thirdly, a statement in the prescribed form must be made before three days before of the application of the order. Fourthly, the court must approve a nominated person among the creditors to act as a director of the company. These four things must be satisfied by the court for the court to give extension of time for the restrain order.6 In the case of PECD Bhd Anor v. Merino-ODD Sdn Bhd Ors the court held that, for the court to grant the extension of time more than 90 days, the company should and must follow the entire four things which stated in subsection (10A) of section 176.7 About the good reasons, Justice Vincent Ng have stated that the word good reason in section 176(10A) of CA, refers to the applicants’ bona fide intention and action to make arrangement or scheme of compromise in the case of Metroplex Bhd Ors V Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Inc.8 Section 176 on the CA is actually a sealed but not a sword. The intention of section 176 CA is actually to help companies which face some serious financial problems and debts to the creditors. This provision is must be used by the companies to prevent bankruptcy and as a chance to settle the debts to the creditors. However, some companies may misuse this section for their own enjoyment or benefit which was not and never the intention of parliament for enacting this provision. When companies start to misuse this provision, the objective of this provision is misinterpretated. This  misinterpretation can be said as one of the reason for financial crisis in 1997. Some companies may use these provisions to cheat the creditors of the company; in this case the improper usage of this section may lead to injustice to creditors. As a conclusion, section 176 of CA is very important provision which should be interpreted as per the original intention of the enactment. This provision is very helpful for the companies in financial difficulties and it will provide room for the companies to run their business and gain profit to overcome the debts. This provision also does not violate the rights of the creditors where by using this provision the company cannot escape the debt but only can obtain some time extension to repay it. This section must be used in a good manner so that the company and also the creditors do not held in injustice.

Rational Choice Theory: Death Penalty

Rational Choice Theory: Death Penalty The death penalty has been debated over and over with no clear solution to whether it should be continued or be abolished. One thing is clear and to provide an argument for the death penalty can be made with the rational choice theory (RCT)/deterrence theory (DT). In their model, Cornish and Clark (1986) understood that people are not empty vessel when they approach a situation in which a crime might be committed (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2007, p. 276). Environmental, psychological, and biological factors create the motivations to commit crimes. The rational choice theory is advancement towards the causation of crime because it looks beyond the background factors and looks more at conscious decision makers who weigh options and act with a purpose (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2007, p. 277). The basic idea of the rational choice theory is that individuals or criminals engage in some intelligent thought before choosing to commit a crime (OConnor, 2007, para. 2). This means that the individual is already thinking of the risk, consequences, and possible rewards if they continue on with the thought of committing a crime. The other side of the RCT is the DT. As RCT would explain, individuals make a personal choice on whether they will commit a crime or not. The RCT suggests a more promising approach to reducing crime: situational crime prevention. By studying how offenders make decisions to commit criminal acts certain steps may be taken to reduce such opportunities for these offenses to occur (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2007, p. 277). By installing such things as alarm systems could prevent a potential burglary on your own but this is also a purpose of the deterrence theory. With regards to the death penalty, the assessment of action weighs the benefit of killing someone (for financial gain, revenge, etc.) against the threat of death and a possible result is that offenders would not make a choice to murder someone because of the threat of dying themselves at the hands of the government. Both the rational choice theory and deterrence theory work together when answer the call to murder and whether the death penalty is a rational punishment for committing a murder. Once again, the rational choice theory is explained by the personal choice made by the individual to commit a crime. The deterrence theory is the answer to that personal choice to commit a crime or for the purpose of this explanation; murder justified by the death penalty should suffice an effective deterrent to committing murders. To many this sounds good, you commit yourself to following through on a murder; you receive the death penalty but as it common knowledge that death penalty is not given to individuals all of time for committing murders. Therefore, the rational choice theory and deterrence theory immediately receives criticisms for a solution to preventing murders. Why does this happen? Our justice system pretty much tells us that for example, killing your wife because you just found out she was having an extra-marital affair does not necessarily mean you will get the death penalty. You have expert lawyers and then poorly constructed juries that defeats ideas of the rationa l choice and deterrence theories. Rational choice and deterrence theories are supposed to provide quick, swift, and certain death to offenders who commit murders but as mentioned before, this is not always the right or correct answer. Though both theories serve to the answer the question of whether or not a murder is a rational choice made by an individual and the quick answer to it, they also unfortunately lay down the issues with rational choice and deterrence as a solution to committing a murder. The problems within our justice system allow those who are on death row to extend their time alive because of appeals thus defeating both theories. According to Montaldo (2006), The U.S. Supreme Court has issued two rulings that make it easier for death row inmates to file additional appeals to avoid execution, extending the appeals process for many of the 3,300 inmates on death row and delaying justice for the families of their victims (para. 1). Final thoughts on the rational choice and deterrence theories as solutions to murder have issues but both can work and for the death penalty to serve the purposes of both, the justice system must make some changes. Death penalty cases are expensive from the court time sentencing to the actual execution can last for years because of the number of appeals for possible mishaps in the case or any other problems the individual could have with their case for example, rights violations, arguments for cruel and unusual punishment can all bring up points for new case. Unfortunately, this does happen and a death penalty sentence may get reduce to life in prison and most of the time without parole. However, some instances, individuals do get parole and release back into society and commit more crimes. To limit things like that, the rational choice theory and deterrence theory could be utilized to limit such instances. Right now, the death penalty cannot be used as deterrent in our current justi ce system because of some of the mentioned. If the theories were used, they could really provide a deterrent to murder. How would conflict theory explain the phenomenon of racial profiling in America? The conflict theory is based on an assumption that criminal behavior is delivered from the social and economical forces imposed on individuals. The criminal justice system and criminal law are thought to be operating on behalf of rich and powerful social elites, with resulting policies aimed at controlling the poor (Conflict, 2005, para. 1). The hierarchy falls as follows: High class society, Middle class society, Lower class society. The rich and powerful has always had the upper hand when establishing policy for the country. Much of that power came from capitalism. As stated by Lilly, Cullen, Ball (2007), capitalism was considered to be at the root of the conflict because it was taken to be the source of the unjust inequality (p. 151). In many opinions, capitalism makes the rich people richer while the rest are left behind thus defeating the 2nd Bill of Rights proposed by former President Roosevelt. In his State of the Union Address to Congress, FDR proposed a 2nd Bill of Rights b ecause of the capitalism had over run the country. The highlights of FDRs speech are the 5 specific Bill of Rights and they are provided for Woolley Peters (1990): Therefore, in order to concentrate all our energies and resources on winning the war, and to maintain a fair and stable economy at home, I recommend that the Congress adopt: (1) A realistic tax law-which will tax all unreasonable profits, both individual and corporate, and reduce the ultimate cost of the war to our sons and daughters. The tax bill now under consideration by the Congress does not begin to meet this test. (2) A continuation of the law for the renegotiation of war contracts-which will prevent exorbitant profits and assure fair prices to the Government. For two long years I have pleaded with the Congress to take undue profits out of war. (3) A cost of food law-which will enable the Government (a) to place a reasonable floor under the prices the farmer may expect for his production; and (b) to place a ceiling on the prices a consumer will have to pay for the food he buys. This should apply to necessities only; and will require public funds to carry out. It will cost in appropriations about one percent of the present annual cost of the war. (4) Early reenactment of the stabilization statute of October, 1942. This expires June 30, 1944, and if it is not extended well in advance, the country might just as well expect price chaos by summer. We cannot have stabilization by wishful thinking. We must take positive action to maintain the integrity of the American dollar. (5) A national service law- which, for the duration of the war, will prevent strikes, and, with certain appropriate exceptions, will make available for war production or for any other essential services every able-bodied adult in this Nation. These five measures together form a just and equitable whole. I would not recommend a national service law unless the other laws were passed to keep down the cost of living, to share equitably the burdens of taxation, to hold the stabilization line, and to prevent undue profits. (p. 1) Though this was a dream of FDR, it never came to pass but if it did chances are that the separations between the classes may not have ever occurred. Unfortunately, a separation did occur and created why as to the reason in which the conflict theory exists. Inequality is now a part of our society and will stay that way until the people want change. In the United States, the competitions for decent paying jobs are overloaded with applicants vying for jobs that would provide a decent living for their families. Those at the lowest level of the socio-economic ladder often find themselves working jobs with poor pay and using that little money to pay for insurances e.g. life, health, etc. Even with the Civil Rights Act, Affirmative Action, and other things meant to help there still lies the shadow of inequality in the United States thus leaving most individuals in poverty for their entire existence. In the United States, our poorest people are minorities including African Americans and Hispanics and it is easy to be placed into a group and most of the time those particular groups are targeted by police as bad seeds that want to upset the balance of the rich and powerful or the upper class of society. Trying to get a piece of the pie falls short and therefore commits crimes making it easier for racial profiling to occur. In other words, police are able to target whole groups of people that are minorities in order not to mess up the way of life for the upper class of society. The constant harassment makes the minority people feel fear of rebellion and maintains the inequality that benefits the upper level of society. By being the top of the pyramid, these people are able to dictate the rules to the lower masses and are doing so by implementing (or trying to implement) racial profiling. If a group of society is always in fear of being accused of crimes they did not commit, they are unlikely to find a common and loud voice of protest but by still having the ability to vote maybe there could be a change in the thought process of societys upper class. It is truly unclear on whether President Barack Obama can keep his promise of change alive but many people in the lower socio-economic classes believe that the change can and will happen. Also, there is no guarantee that if the classes were equal that crime would not exist because even those with all the money still commit crimesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦hence Bernard Madoff. Can the concept of rational choice involve passionate crimes? Explain and defend your answer. Yes, because the rational choice theory blames the crime on the personal decision of the individual. The belief that human nature was predicated upon the search for pleasure and the avoidance of pain, and that human action was consequently organized around calculative strategies aimed at utility maximization (Hayward, 2007, p. 233). The deliberate acts done in passion crimes are calculated in short periods of time. Many times the actions in passion crimes are usually at a moments notice and therefore are judged as ill advised, if not foolish (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, p. 277). The rational choice theory ultimately teaches that people make decisions to act or not to act based whether the actions would satisfy the main objective. Crimes of passion is a term used to define a crime which is committed by an individual in the form of assault or murder against a spouse or a lover out of jealousy or heartbreak and is not a preplanned crime. The thinking process is based on the limited amount of information available to the individual but it is common knowledge that the brain reacts faster than the body can process the signal and therefore even if in a split second to stop the first blow it may not be stop in time. So, when a person says they cannot stop themselves from acting what they are truly trying to say is that there is no need to suffer the pain or difficulty it would cause them from carrying out the criminal act. The most common example of a crime of passion is when a husband discovers his wife is having affair with another man and out of jealousy he can murder her. Peoples brain can make the choice to eliminate the pain of a breakup by covering it with anger, frustrations, and pain. With enough pain built up, there is usually a lot of trouble for the one who caused it. The choice being made is one that is rationalized. I believe that most courts in the United States understand crimes of passion and incarceration is the end game because though it was choice or decision it is understood that the act happened without a clear thought. However, it is still a poor decision, but a choice that brings instant satisfaction and delays pain. Therefore, explaining that the decisions in crimes of passions can be understood with the use of the rational choice theory.

Late Blight resistant Potatoes by Cisgene Stacking

Late Blight resistant Potatoes by Cisgene Stacking Critical Review: Development of late blight resistant potatoes by cisgene stacking BMC Biotechnology, 2014 Recombinant DNA and Genomics Critical Review of a Scientific Paper Background Food demand from agriculture has never been higher due to the increasing world population. Issues such as climate control and built up overpopulated areas of the world limit the availability and resources to produce crops. The need to enhance the yield of agricultural crops, as well as breed crops with correct traits such as viral resistance to common diseases which can devastate many farmers produce has never been more pressing. As a world population we are a lot more conscious of how we produce are food ethically and need to consider the genetic diversity of crops within agriculture. Over the past century improvements in sequencing technologies has allowed the mapping of the genome more specifically within plant species that are exploited for agriculture around the world. The first commercialised GM food was the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994, and now commonly rice, maize, potato, soybean and many others (Hamilton et al. 2012; Vanburen et al. 2015). Next generation sequencing technologies have allowed us to target the genome sequencing genotypes and identifying specific alleles that express favourable phenotypes to improve crop populations from their wild-type relatives (Lin et al. 2014; Neves et al. 2013). Our understanding of the structure and function of plant genomes within agricultural plant genetic species has fuelled the development novel biotechnologies and approaches to their application for breeding. The isolation of genes that underpin characteristics of interest and how we can target these specific genes and transfer them into new varieties of crops to imp rove yield or enhance genetic disease resistance (He et al. 2014; Gurskin et al. 2012). Until the last decade the focus has been on transgenic plants in agriculture, where isolated genes of interest from unrelated species are transferred into the genome of crop plants. Public acceptance of these crops has been controversial and forced the environmental food safety authority for GM organisms to strictly regulate the commercial use of these crops to protect the environment. Cisgenesis as a natural biotechnology approach that only utilises genes from the same plant or within the same species has tackled some of the associated problems within GM agriculture. Cisgensis was recently under review worldwide from the EFSA to be excluded from the strict regulations set for transgenic produced plants, it was finally defined that cisgenic approach to gene transfers is as safe as traditional breeding techniques (low level risk) (Hunter et al. 2014). Herewith in, the cisgenesis approach to integrating late blight resistant R genes to potato varieties is reviewed as a biotechnology to ol, the ethical advantages it addresses as well as limitations to its application. Outline of methods Aim: To use a cisgenesis approach to introduce two broad spectrum potato late blight R genes, Rpi-sto1 and Rpi-vnt1.1 from the crossable species S. stoloniferum and S. venturii, respectively, into three different potato varieties (Jo et al.2014). Plant materials Three potato varieties where obtained to introduce late blight resistance, a fourth variety potae9 was used as a positive control for its broad spectrum late blight resistance Vector construction Single R gene constructs, Rpi-sto1 and Rpi-vnt1.1 were cloned into a binary vector pBINAW2 (figure 1 below) and were aligned in tandem to form an R gene stack and one marker-free transformation vector. Construct containing both cisgenic late blight R genes (Rpi-vnt1.1 and Rpi-sto1), but lacking the bacterial kanamycin resistance selection marker (NPTII) was transformed to the three selected potato varieties using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Rooted shoots were analysed by PCR for gene transfer products (desired R genes) Potatoes where analysed for morphological changes and late blight resistance in detached leaf assays. Cisgenic events were selected because they showed broad spectrum late blight resistance due to the activity of both introduced R genes. The marker-free transformation was compared to marker-assisted transformation by the addition of kanamycin in terms of T-DNA and vector backbone integration frequencies (Methods as described in Jo et al. 2014). Results/Conclusions of research paper The study successfully introduced an effective cisgenic marker-free transformation strategy into three varieties of potato. The transformed plants expressed two stacked late blight R genes, through the infiltration of agrobacterium effectors proved the R genes functionality. It was also confirmed that marker-free transformation is less prone to vector backbone integration compared to marker-assisted transformation (Jo et al. 2014). According to the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) GMO Panel, cisgenic plants have a low risk level in comparison to transgenic produced plants. Therefore, the potatoes produced in this study, are an environmentally friendly alternative to both controversial transgenic agriculture, as well as the use of chemical agents to treat late blight disease (Jo et al. 2014). Critical Appraisal      Ã‚   Reviewing the cisgenesis approach in recent literature it has been used to engineer viral resistance and enhance favourable traits in different crops (Espinoza et al. 2013; Holme et al. 2013). However, not all crops classiffied as cisgenic fully comply with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for GM plants, as they still contain microbial regulatory sequences/marker genes (Holme et al. 2013). More recently, molecular characterization of true cisgenic apple plants previously produced and expressing the Rvi6 scab resistance genes has been reported in detail (Vanblaere et al. 2014), while new cisgene apples with the same trait have been developed using an alternative recombinase system (Wurdig et al. 2015). In the study by Jo et al. the focus was on marker-free cisgene potato plants expressing late blight resistance genes from Rpi-sto1 and Rpi-vnt1.1, produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using marker-free gene but PCR for the selection of transformed plants. Due to th e activity of both introduced R genes, cisgene plants showing broad-spectrum late blight resistance could be selected (Jo et al. 2014). Cisgenesis relies on the transfer of sequences from the same or related species, therefore, knowledge of specific sequences as well as its position and function in the genome is essential. In the future it is expected this knowledge will accelerate the application of this technology in place of transgenesis. One advantage of cisgenesis approach over more common techniques is reduced duration of selection steps and linkage drag (Hou et al. 2014). Although both transgenesis and cisgenesis use the same genetic modification techniques to introduce genes into plants, cisgenesis introduce only genes of interest from the plant itself or from a crossable species. Therefore, cisgenesis is not any different from traditional breeding and there is no environmental risk as associated with transgenic species. The expression of a foreign gene or suppression of a native genes function allowed the movement of DNA between different species, forcing public perceptions of GMO food as unnatural. Although proved to be a promising tool for the enhancement of crops and economic development, the concern of public acceptance is a major limiting factor (Espinoza et al. 2013). Therefore, cisgenesis may be the future of plant breeding and crop development as it excludes foreign genes and strict regulation by the EFSA for GMO transgenes. Despite considering all the advantages of cisgenic approaches there are limitations to its application. Namely the specific requirement of the regulatory sequences origin as well as the type and size of its constructs. For example, although achieving scab resistance in apples the difference in expression level R genes was dependant on using promoter from the same species or the native promoter of different lengths (Vanblaere et al.2014; Wurdig et al. 2015). Gene expression can also have a lot of variability, through random insertion of cisgenes. Therefore this random introduction of cisgenes into a host genome can be similar to that of transgenes, through loss of functionality of endogenous genes, reverting back to the same ethical issues cisgenesis aims to avoid. Finally, Jo et al. and similar studies report plants produced by cisgenic transformation methods report the integration of vector backbone sequences, therefore the specific number of genes copied and amount of vector backbo ne sequence transferred is an important factor (Vanblaere et al. 2014; Jo et al. 2014). In potato varieties Jo et al. failed to find a difference in vector backbone integration frequencies between different varieties or when marker-assisted only transformations were compared. However, when marker-free and marker-assisted vector backbone integration frequencies were compared, they found that marker-free transformation was associated with less vector backbone integration (Jo et al. 2014). Alternatively now there are new vectors developed containing buffer plant sequences within the backbone that limit the negative affect of unspecific vector backbone integration of cisgenes (Holme et al. 2013). The cisgene stacking method by Jo et al. consisted of two choices to introduce the R gene stack into different potato varieties, marker-assisted transformation or marker-free transformation. By definition cisgenesis excludes marker-assisted transformation since the genes are derived from foreign species (Jo et al. 2014). Recently there have been methods developed to remove selectable marker genes from the genomes of transgene species. One approach exploits a recombinant strategy to extract a marker gene positioned between recombination sites (Zhou et al. 2013). An alternative approach relies on the segregation of independently integrated T-DNAs similar to those shown within the vector in figure 1 (Hou et al. 2014; Jo et al. 2014). However, Jo et al. chose the marker-free transformation via agrobacterium-based methods that utilize a plant-derived transfer DNA and a novel transient selection system to insert only native DNA into potato plants similar to earlier cisgene studies (Jo et a l. 2014; Rommens et al., 2004). An overlooked issue by many experts in within the field is the implications of large scale introduction of transgenic crops containing resistance genes through the exploitation of antibiotic resistance. Many GMOs have a gene which relates to resistance to antibiotics inserted into their genome to serve as a marker. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is already a risk associated with animal agriculture through feed being supplemented with antibiotics, and now antibiotic resistance may be further facilitated by the production of GM crops with these genes integrated in their genome. In potato varieties Jo et al. chose to pursue marker-free transformation of R genes which excluded the use of kanamycin as the marker for gene transfer. However, they also carried out the experiment with kanamycin as a gene marker as a comparison to the effect on vector backbone integration frequencies. Resistance to antibiotics could spread through the use of bacterial genes in the production of transgenic plants, also the genes often remain in the genome with no further use and future transgenic approaches should think about new ways we can remove these genes. It is possible that antibiotic resistance genes will migrate from transgenic plants to bacteria. There is then the possibility that antibiotic resistance bacteria produced from this pipeline could harm future human generations. Therefore, the future focus should remain on cisgenic strategies to GM plants that focus on marker-free transformation technologies. Conclusion Finally, according to the EFSA GMO panel cisgenesis is an environmentally safe approach to introducing new disease resistant genes and quality traits into plants. In different potato varieties it has been successful in the regeneration of light blight resistant potatoes by cisgene stacking, it is quicker to achieve than traditional agriculture and less controversial in the publics perception than transgene GM crops. However, there are limitations in particular the unpredictability of cisgene integration and expression from a biotechnology point of view, but also the impact that may have on its regulatory status and changing public perceptions. In the future cisgene approaches may benefit from being combined with new biotechnologies and GMO techniques, to help reduce the concern with cisgene integration specificity, and develop improved agriculture approaches to disease and crop quality. References      Ã‚   Espinoza, C., R. Schlechter, D. Herrera, E. Torres, A. Serrano, C. Medina, and P. Arce-Johnson, 2013: Cisgenesis and intragenesis: new tools for improving crops. Biol. Res. 46, 323-331. Gruskin, D., 2012: Agbiotech 2.0. Nat. Biotechnol. 30, 211-214. Hamilton, J. P., and C. R. Buell, 2012: Advances in plant genome sequencing. Plant J. 70, 177-190. He, J., X. Zhao, A. Laroche, Z. X. Lu, H. Liu, and Z. Li, 2014: Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), an ultimate marker-assisted selection (MAS) tool to accelerate plant breeding. Front. Plant Sci. 5, 484. Holme, I. B., T. Wendt, and P. B. Holm, 2013: Intragenesis and cisgenesis as alternatives to transgenic crop development. Plant Biotechnol. J. 11, 395-407. Hou H, Atlihan N, Lu ZX. 2014. New biotechnology enhances the application of cisgenesis in plant breeding. Front Plnt Sci. 5: 389. Hunter, P., 2014: Genetically Modified Lite placates public but not activists: new technologies to manipulate plant genomes could help to overcome public concerns about GM crops. EMBO Rep. 15, 138- 141. Jo, K. R., C. J. Kim, S. J. Kim, T. Y. Kim, M. Bergervoet, M. A. Jongsma, R. G. Visser, E. Jacobsen, and J. H. Vossen, 2014: Development of late blight resistant potatoes by cisgene stacking. BMC Biotechnol. 14, 50. VanBuren, 2015: Progress, challenges and the future of crop genomes. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 24, 71-81. Neves, L. G., J. M. Davis, W. B. Barbazuk, and M. Kirst, 2013: Wholeexome targeted sequencing of the uncharacterized pine genome. Plant J. 75, 146-156. Podevin, N., Y. Devos, H. V. Davies, and K. M. Nielsen, 2012: Transgenic or not? No simple answer! New biotechnology-based plant breeding techniques and the regulatory landscape. EMBO Rep. 13, 1057-1061. Rommens, C. M., J. S. Ye, C. Richael, and K. Swords, 2004: Improving potato storage and processing characteristics through all-native DNA transformation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 9882-9887. Vanblaere, T., I. Szankowski, J. Schaart, H. Schouten, H. Flachowsky, G. A. L. Broggini, and C. Gessler, 2011: The development of a cisgenic apple plant. J. Biotechnol. 154, 304-311. Wurdig, J., H. Flachowsky, A. Saß, A. Peil, and M.-V. Hanke, 2015: Improving resistance of different apple cultivars using the Rvi6 scab resistance gene in a cisgenic approach based on the Flp/FRT recombinase system. Mol. Breeding. 35, 95.

Free Narrative Essays - This Little Thing Called Hate :: Example Personal Narratives

This Crazy Little Thing Called Hate Hate is a very scary thing and there is much too much of it in the world. I am an object of hate because I am a lesbian. I had a very scary incident a year ago that will haunt me for the rest of my life. I had a girlfriend and we were openly together at school, so most students and teachers knew of our sexuality. We were the objects of a lot of hate but I had no idea how powerful that hate was until one horrible day. My girlfriend, two guy friends, and I were doing what we did every day after school - walking to our cars to go home. The two guys we were with also happened to be gay, and you'll know why that is important in a moment. We were just about at the parking lot when all of a sudden five or six guys surrounded us and began to hit us. As they were hitting and kicking they continuously yelled "F*g." That is one word I will never be able to hear again without shaking. We tried to fight back in the beginning, without success, then we just tried to huddle together to protect each other. All I remember thinking was how scared I was for my life and my friends' lives. The boys were beaten much worse than we were. I guess that is one time I was really glad to be a girl. I don't think there has ever been a time when I was more afraid; I was truly afraid for my life. Those kids who beat us never got into any trouble, even though there were many people around when it happened. No one tried to stop them. It was considered okay because we were gay. They physically beat the four of us because of who we are. It's no wonder so many people are afraid to be themselves, especially in high school. I walked away from that fight, or whatever you want to call it, with a few cuts and bruises, and a lot of pain, but nothing I couldn't deal with, physically. Mentally, however, they hurt me pretty bad. Every time I see the small scar on my wrist, or hear someone say that word, I cringe and feel like I'm getting beaten all over again.

Internet Security :: essays research papers

Internet Security What will US politics and the economy be like as we progress through the twenty-first century? There is no single vision, but many people perceive a type of digital democracy. The use of information via Internet or World Wide Web will dramatically change politics and the way government takes place. For example, a digital democracy can inform people about political candidates and issues. Volunteers also use email and web sites to encourage people to go to the polls and vote for their candidate. (1) This really boosts voting and political participation but the problem of security and privacy comes along with this â€Å"digital democracy†. Security would seem easy with today’s technology but how do you secure something that is changing faster than you can find a solution?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet has had security problems since its earliest days as a pure research project. Even today, after several years and orders of magnitude of growth, it still has security problems. It is being used for a purpose for which it was never intended: commerce. (2) It is somewhat ironic that the early Internet was design as a prototype for a command and control network that could resist outages resulting from enemy actions, but it cannot resist college undergraduates. (2) The problem is that the attackers are on, and make up a part of, the network they are attacking. Designing a system that is capable of resisting attack from within, while still growing and evolving at a breakneck pace, is probably impossible. (1) Deep infrastructure changes are needed, and once you have achieved a certain amount of size, the sheer inertia of the installed base may make it impossible to apply repairs. (1) As general-purpose scripts were introduced on both the client and the serv er’s sides, the dangers of accidental and malicious abuse grew. It did not take long for the Web the move form the scientific community to the commercial world. At this point, the security threats became much more serious. The incentive for malicious attackers to exploit vulnerabilities in the underlying technologies is at an all-time high.(1) When business and profit are at stake, we cannot assume anything less than the most dedicated and resourceful attackers typing their utmost to steal, cheat, and perform malice against users of the Web. (2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the web being the single, largest source of information in the world, people are capable of obtaining stock quotes, tax information from the International Revenue Service, conduct election polls, register for a conference and the list goes on.

Tanning Beds and Skin Cancer Essay -- Medical Medicine Papers

Tanning Beds and Skin Cancer What is UV radiation? Before one can discuss harmful effects of tanning equipment and increased sun exposure, one must be familiar with the components of ultraviolet light and how affects the skin. Sunlight contains two types of ultraviolet (UV) light: UVA and UVB. UVA rays consist of longer wavelengths that penetrate deep into the dermal layer of skin. Limited exposure to UVA rays causes skin to tan; however, most experts agree that overexposure to UVA can lead to other long-term skin damage. UVB rays’ wavelengths are much shorter, affecting the outermost layers of skin. UVB rays are known as the "burning rays" and are considered more dangerous. Tanning beds and sun lamps generally emit 93% to 99% UVA radiation increasing the benefits of a tan This is three times the UVA radiation given off by the sun (http://www.wraltv.com/features/healthteam/1998/0520-sunscreen/). What’s the difference between a tan and sunburn? It is also important to know what happens to the skin as it is tanned or burned and what the long-term, harmful effects may be. UVB rays are most responsible for a skin’s burning. The rays actually pop the capillaries just beneath the surface of the skin (http://www.cybermall2000.com/stones/tanning/index.html). Long-wavelength, UVA rays have totally different results on the skin. As UVA rays penetrate into the skin, melanin granules are oxidized and tan, or, turn golden brown. However, UVB rays are required to stimulate these melanin granules to rise to the skin’s surface, especially in skin that possesses small amounts of the pigment, melanin (http://www.shop.net/suncity/). What makes tanning beds safer? Most tanning bed industries agree that indoor ... ...A ‘sun-bed.’ British Journal of Dermatology 1982; 107: 275-284. Kennedy, M., Kim, K., Harten, B., Brown, J., Planck, S., Meshul, C.,Edelhauser, H., Rosenbaum, J.T., Armstrong, C.A., & Ansel, J.C. (1997). Ultraviolet Irradiation Induces the Production of Multiple Cytokines by Human Corneal Cells. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. Sept, 1997, Vol. 3, No. 10. Bolseman, C., Beitner, H., Jansson, B., Nilsson, B., &Ullen, H. (1996). Sunbed use in relation to phenotype, erythema, sunscreen use and skin diseases. A questionnaire survey among Swedish adolescents. British Journal of Dermatology 1996; 135: 712-716. Douglass, H.M., McGee, R., & Williams, S. (1997). Sun behavior and perceptions of risk for melanoma among 21-year old New Zealanders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 21(3): 329-334. (abstract).

How Can Risk Influence Risk Premium Essay

Risk and return are the fundamental basis upon which investors make their decision whether or not they should invest in a particular investment. How they are related and the influence between the two, is the decision making process that all investors must weigh up. This essay will show how risk can influence risk premium, outlining their relationship and how risk and return are related. Within any investment there is a certain amount of risk, which must be taken into account by an investor when deciding to invest. Risk is defined as the chance of financial loss or, more formally the variability of returns associated with a given asset. This concept in finance is the idea that all investment carries a risk, the higher the risk, the greater the return, however the adverse is also relevant, when the risk of an investment is lower the return is expected to also be lower. However, with all investment there is never a guarantee of return. Return is the total gain or loss experienced on an investment over a given period of time. It is measured by the asset’s cash distributions plus change in value, divided by its beginning-of-period value. (Gitman, et al. , 2011, p. 08) Returns on investment are the motivation to all investors, however as all investment carries a risk, the investor must have a required and expected return on the investment. Expected return, is the return that an asset is expected to produce over some future period of time, while required return, is that which an investor requires an asset to produce if he/she is to be a future investor in that asset. It is here that we see the relationship between risk and return. With the expected and required return on an asset, an investor can calculate the return of an asset and its risk. Kidwell, et al. , 2007, p. 307) To better understand this relationship we must analyse risk premium. Risk premium refers to an asset’s expected rate of return and how that exceeds the risk free rate. The risk free rate is the interest rate of a stable investment usually a government bond or Treasury bill, which is used as a stabilizer and market equivalent in the calculation of the risk and return. (Kidwell, et al. , 2007, p. 307) The required rate of return is therefore based on the expectations of the investor. Risk premium is the compensation for making and undertaking an investment and risk. It is here that we bring all the above mentioned components of risk, return, and risk premium together to formulate: Required rate of return = Risk-free rate of return + Risk premium From this equation we see how risk can influence the risk premium and in turn affect the required rate of return. As risk premium is based on the investor’s compensation for undertaking the risk, we can surmise that the higher the compensation wanted by the investor, the higher the risk will have to be to gain the required rate of return.

How do government bodies cater for sport development at grass roots level? Essay

How do sports bodies get people involved? The RFU was established in 1871 and now has approximately 200 member clubs; their mission statement can be found in (appendix 1). The RFU is affiliated to the IRB, the international rugby board. The IRB is the international governing body and law making body for rugby union they are responsible for the game at an international level see (appendix 2). There is also a European rugby union board called the FIRA-EAR who fund and organise various competitions across Europe including the under-19 world championships. There are also various associations such as the BARA, the British Asian rugby association. They aim to increase participation by encouraging people from the south Asian countries living in the U.K. to take part in rugby at all levels more information on BARA can be found in (appendix 3). There are roughly 2500 rugby union clubs in England but only 853 offer a youth programme. The RFU have 2 main schemes for encouraging participation at grassroots level. The main one is tag rugby which is a kind of mix of rugby league and rugby union which will develop into rugby union. The rules of tag rugby can be found in (appendix 4). The other RFU scheme to raise participation at grassroots level is, beach rugby. In the Bournemouth area there is an annual beach rugby tournament which is usually held by Boscombe pier, it is usually organised and run by Bournemouth’s sports development team, the RFU, leisure rugby and Oakmedians rugby football club. This is roughly the same game as tag ruby but it is played on the beach and can be played by people of all ages. Beach rugby rules and competitions can be found in (appendix 5). The RFU is committed to supporting the development of grassroots rugby. Over 5% of their annual income is given to help support grass-roots schemes. The breakdown of the estimated central government and lottery funding can be found in (appendix 6). The CCPR, which is the national alliance of governing and representative bodies of sport and recreation, will give the RFU à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9.4 million for a three year project, how this will help grassroots participation and about the CCPR can be found in (appendix7). Tag rugby, which is the main way of increasing participation at grassroots level, has two main sponsors these are Ford and Sportsmatch, see (appendix 8). O2 the mobile phone network are a large sponsor of rugby in England, they are currently giving the RFU à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3 million a year in their latest sponsorship deal see (appendix9). There are many local clubs including Oakmedians and Bournemouth, a list of local clubs can be found in (appendix 10). Bournemouth are the largest and most successful club in the area and information about them and there sponsors can be found in (appendix 11). The path from starting playing rugby to playing for your country is sometimes a confusing one, but the basic outline is consists of: Tag rugby will be ware a young player starts they can either start by joining a rugby club, playing at a local leisure centre or by playing at school. This will then progress into a contact game with different numbers of players until it is built into a 15 a-side game, all of these games can still be played at rugby clubs and at schools. Then a player can play for their county for example Dorset or Wiltshire. The next step is to play for a region for example the south west. The next step is to hopefully be invited to attend an England youth trial, the most successful players will be fast-tracked to the team England Academy; from there the players will possibly enter into the England teams and possibly the final England squad. There are many other pathways to the England squad; these and a more in depth look at the pathways to elitism can be found in (appendix 12). Women’s rugby started in 1983 and is growing fast, there are now over 8000 players in England and the RFUW is the national governing body for this sport in England. Out of the 2439 rugby union clubs in England just 956 have a women’s section. More information about all aspects of women’s rugby is in (appendix 13). In wheelchair rugby the game takes place on a regular basketball court using volleyball, for about the rules and how it is played can be found in (appendix 14). GBWR, great British wheelchair rugby, is a not for profit charity that has been going for 20 years for the fast growing sport of wheelchair rugby. Their objective is to develop a fully inclusive sport, enabling players to achieve and reach their full potential regardless of financial status or disability. For more details about funding of the GBWR see (appendix 15). The RFU’s grassroots schemes are working fairly well as there are a large amount of young people playing tag rugby that are then filtering through to the higher stages of the game. This is seen in the success of the England team in recent years in both winning the world cup in 2003 and reaching the final in 2007. however out of nearly 2500 clubs in England only 853 have a youth section, this shows that although the young players are playing rugby there are not as many as many would like to see.

Children and Sexual Abuse

Identifying symptoms/signals of child sexual abuse When a child has been sexually abused, he or she may begin to form many different types of problems. Some of these problems may be physical or mental in nature. With these problems children will begin to show signs of said abuse. Each child will show different signs throughout different stages depending on the type of abuse that they have endured such as being looked at in the nude, inappropriate touching, and physical penetration.Younger children will normally show you signs rather than tell you what is happening to them, and each child will be unique from the next child in his or her signs, forever many people may not be aware of what signs of sexual abuse are. The initial signs of abuse may not indicate that sexual abuse is happening, however may be an indicator to parents, teachers, and others that something is not right with this child in question.Some of the initial signs that suggest that abuse is happening may be nightmares w ith no apparent reason, changes in the eating habits, refusing to eat at all, or being withdrawn from others. Signs may also escalate to be to showing that there may in fact be sexual abuse happening. The sexually abused child may suddenly become afraid of certain places or people, may talk about new secrets with certain adults or adolescents, and may talk of having a new older friend. The child may have money, toys, and other gifts that he or she cannot explain, or say that they came from a new friend.Some children may even refuse to remove their clothing during appropriate times, such as to take a bath. Children may regress to a younger child's behavior by once again sucking their thumbs, or wetting the bed again when they haven't done so in years. A child who has been sexual abused may begin to act out inappropriate sexual actions with joys or other objects, such as touching themselves with objects, or using dolls, stuffed animals, or other toys to imitate sexual acts, and others may draw pictures of what has been going on with them.While another child that has been sexually abused he or she may develop new names for their body parts, or start thinking that that their body, and body parts are dirty, or that they are bad. There are some children that will even harm themselves, or disfigure their bodies when they have been sexually abused. Many of these children will become anxious, nervous, some may have mood swings that old include anger, aggressiveness towards parents, siblings, friends, and even their pets. They physical signs of child sexual abuse may be rare, especially to someone who is not trained but do exist.Pain, disconsolation, bleeding, and abnormal discharge in the genitals, anus, and mouth are a few of the physical signs that may be seen. Some children may have frequent pain during urination and bowel movements as well as, wetting and soiling accidents that they have otherwise outgrown. Other physical signs that may be seen, but are more likely to be noticed by a trained professional may be TTS and tears in or around the vaginal or anal openings, or vaginal infections. There are the rare occasions that the signs of sexual abuse are sexually transmitted diseases and even pregnancy. Center, n. D. ) Long and Short-term Effects For the victim child sexual abuse can be devastating, not only in the near future because the effects of sexual abuse can extend far beyond childhood, in some that may last for the rest of their lives. In many the short term effects are very similar to the signs of sexual abuse, such as betting and thumb sucking when it should be out grown, sleep disorders, eating robbers, behavior issues, or performance problems at school, and refusal to participate in school activities.The effects of child sexual abuse can deprive a child of their childhood and their ability to learn how to have a healthy relationship with an adult, as they lose the ability to trust in those who were supposed to protect them. Childre n learn how to trust, love, and make relationships from adults and older children. When an adult or adolescent child sexually abuses a child it breaks that trust that an adult will give them that care that they are supposed to be instilling within that child.Sexual abuse robs children of their childhood and creates a loss of trust, feelings of guilt and self-abusive behavior along with anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior, and poor self-esteem. When it comes to long term effects child sexual abuse can lead to antisocial behavior, deeper depression, identity confusion other serious emotional problems. Adults who have been sexually abused as a child can have difficulty with intimate relationships, and often feel guilt, shame, and self-blame as they become adolescents and adults.Many will take personal responsibility for the abuse, as though they have rough the abuse on to themselves, that they asked to be touched in these wrong ways and because they feel that way they think that t hey are dirty individuals, because when the abuse is by someone that they know and trust it makes it hard for the child to see the abuser negatively, which makes it may be hard for some children to see that it was the adult who was at fault rather than the child themselves.So they often blame themselves and take on a negative messages about themselves, and intern may display self-destructive behaviors and experience more suicidal ideation than those who have not en abused (Browne & Finickier, 1986) Many children grow into adolescents and adulthood having low self-esteem and have body image problems. They see themselves as being dirty or ugly, unhappiness with body or appearance, and eating disorders, some even grow to disfiguring their bodies so that they will no longer look attractive to those that have sexually abused them.Children who were sexually abuse may experience difficulty in establishing interpersonal relationships. Common relationship difficulties that victims may experi ence are difficulties with trust, fear of intimacy, fear of Ewing different or weird, difficulty establishing interpersonal boundaries, passive behaviors, and many continue life into abuse by getting involved in abusive relationships. Risks. There are certain risk markers for children to possibly be sexually abused. The main factor is age, as most children who are abused are within the ages of 7 and 13.Gender is also a factor, as female children are sexually abused more often than children, however it may be that boys are not reported as often as female children. It is not easy finding risk factors of child sexual abuse as most research goes back to the signs and symptoms of children that ay have been sexually abused. Statistical data. There are many estimates of the number of children who are the victims of sexual abuse. ; One U. S. Governmental source counts 78,1 88 child victims of sexual abuse in 2003.That's a rate of 1. 2 per 1 ,OHO American children. ; The 2001 National Crime Victimizing Survey, which only covers youth 12-17, estimates that 1. 9 per 1,000 children are raped or sexually assaulted. ; National surveys of adults find that 9-28% of women say they experienced some type of sexual abuse or assault in childhood. (Finickier) Studies by David Finickier, Director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center, show that 1 in every 4 girls and 1 in every 7 boys is a victim of child sexual abuse.Studies also show that 20% of adult females and 5-10% of adult males recall a childhood sexual assault or sexual abuse incident. During a one-year period in the U. S. , 16% of youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized, and over the course of their lifetime, 28% of U. S. Youth ages 14 to 17 had been sexually victimized. He states that children are most vulnerable to childhood sexual abuse between the ages of 7 and 13. (crime. Org, n. D. There are so many different statistics on child sexual abuse.Many reports show a very different stats on each site, how ever they are all relatively close. Treatments Treatment for child sexual abuse can be very complicated, and can be a very long if not life long process. Treatment starts with making sure that the child knows that he or she is safe and that they will not be hurt any more, it also starts by educating the parents and family members, as to what they should expect throughout the duration of treatment and that it is not the child's fault.Trauma-focused Therapy for Childhood Sexual Abuse was developed to help revived information about the impact of child sexual abuse on a child. It helps to stress the importance of including parents/caretakers in the treatment of the child of sexual abuse, and to show the need for children in therapy to learn specific skills to deal with what has happened to them and to talk about the details of their sexually abusive experiences. With this therapy they emphasize how talk therapy can help a child by talking about what happened to them.Showing them that wh at happened to them was wrong, but that the child what not the one who was doing something wrong. It is an evidence- eased treatment to help children, adolescents, and their parents overcome trauma-related problems, such as child sexual abuse. It's supposed to help reduce negative emotional and behavioral responses caused by child sexual abuse, as well as domestic violence, traumatic loss, and other traumatic events.It addresses inaccurate beliefs and thoughts related to the abuse, while it helps to provide an environment that will support the child in therapy, where children are encouraged to talk about their traumatic experience. This therapy helps the parents who were not abusive to the child to cope effectively with their own emotional distress, and to teach them about child sexual abuse, while helping them develop skills that support their children.

Human resource management Essay

People believe that technology enhancement can play a vital role in replacing people with machines, but these people are the one, to invade those machines. Human resource is an important area in an organization as it deals with different departments of the organization such as finance department etc. Without hr management none of the organization can achieve a repetitive position. In today’s world, changes are taking place in hr management due to trends in globalization. Invention of new technologies, diversity, e-business that is e-commerce and ethics (Haslinda, 2009). Globalization is a process in which regional economies, societies and culture become integrated. In the second half of the 20th century globalization takes a great part in enhancing the economic expansion of the global economy. Globalization has completely changed the environment of the business. With globalization, barriers to entry will not be able to restrict new entrants in the market. Due to this fact, companies will not have to restrict themselves with a single prediction plant, in spite of it, they can move from a single market to another market with lower transportation and communication cost. Due to this multinational corporations are taking advantages to set monopolies in the market. Competing in the global market is very difficult, so to face such kind of competitions hr should be properly centralized and should be in practice. Efficiency of the employees plays a great role in managing and controlling the hr department. In human resource management the staff which is requi red should be talented, creative, innovative, understandable, trained properly etc to meet the requirements of the globalization (Rajar and Shah, 2010). In early century, when there was no HR department, people use to make the best use of the technology, which was available at that time like telephone, typewriter, time clock etc for managing all departments properly. But with the advancement in technologies and with the inventions of other computerized base technologies, the hr started to take benefits from it. They started to manage and use the database. They use different technologies to deal in different areas of work like interactive voice response, local area networks, optical character recognition etc. (Frantzreb, 2010). Diversity is the policy of encouraging people coming from different backgrounds. Diversity management is adapted by different workplaces in order to make changes in different work styles. Companies use diverse work force because different people are specialized in different fields (Mortan, 2009). If some one is specialized in a particular work and continues it for a longer time periods then he will definitely get bored with his work one day and he will also not enjoy in doing his work which will result in the downfall of the company. Therefore, people will work inefficiently and will not enjoy their work. So, diversity should be adapted because it will motivate people towards hard work. Companies uses diverse work force for increasing efficiency and to achieve companies goals and a higher position in the market. It has many advantages; one of the main advantage of diversity management is that it enhances the skills and talent among employees and staff having different ages, countries, race, gender etc. Every one is treated equally. And employees feel more secure and began to work more effectively (Taton, 2010). E-Business is the application of communication technologies, which manages different departments of business and manages all the activities of business. Changes in e-business obviously effect human resource management, which includes compressed technology cycle, higher demand, more dependence on higher speed and always demand for higher service etc. To maximize the benefits of e-commerce some different methods of e-business should be adopted by different organizations. Company should create a strong team for decision-making. And the team must include employees from different departments (Nelson, 2001). There are different departments in every organization and different people in hr department manage each department efficiently. Human resource department manages the organization by first finding the place where they want a new employee, then they find what kind of workers they will need, then they will take interviews and select. Hr manages all the employees by giving them motivation by compensation and by increasing their salaries. Every organization must have a hr department. The role of human resource management is changing day by day in different trends like globalisation, diversity, technology, ethics and e-commerce.

The Station nightclub Fire Investigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Station nightclub Fire Investigation - Essay Example This paper covers The Station Nightclub fire, 9/11, and the Minneapolis bridge collapse. The recommendations presented in the final report of the disasters are then discussed, as well as how they relate to the overall point of the thesis. Then, two recommendations from the report are selected and related to the materials studied and learned in the course. Everyone desires for the country to be filled with safe buildings and a solid infrastructure. It is even natural for one to expect for a building to be safe to enter or for a bridge to be safe to cross. Most people do not even think twice about it when they are entering a structure or driving down the road—they just assume they are performing a safe activity and that the individuals responsible for constructing the structures they encounter have done their job in a safe and reliable manner. As one can tell from the following cases, however, this is not always a reality. As can be seen in the cases of The Station Nightclub, 9-11, and the Minneapolis bridge collapse—along with the recommendations from authorities following the disasters—the nation’s infrastructure is in bad need of repair. A fire occurred on the night of Feb. 20, 2003, in The Station nightclub at 211 Cowesett Avenue, West Warwick, Rhode Island. A band that was on the platform that night, during its performance, used pyrotechnics that ignited polyurethane foam insulation lining the walls and ceiling of the platform. The fire spread quickly along the walls and ceiling area over the dance floor. Smoke was visible in the exit doorways in a little more than one minute, and flames were observed breaking through a portion of the roof in less than five minutes. Egress from the nightclub, which was not equipped with sprinklers, was hampered by crowding at the main entrance to the building. One hundred people lost their lives in the fire. On Feb. 27, 2003, under the

Fundraising Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fundraising - Coursework Example Sudden cardiac arrests causing sudden death have mainly occurred due to incompetency and ignorance of individuals witnessing cardiac arrests. Thus, if more people are aware of cardiac arrests and know what to do in case they are around a person having cardiac attack, more chances would be to grant those suffering their survival. VSF is one organization, whose aim is to raise awareness of Sudden Adult Death Syndrome and cardiac arrests. However, there are some other charity organizations involved in raising awareness Sudden Adult Death Syndrome and developing action guidelines. NHS and Raising Awareness of SADS Although logically would be to suggest that the major organization to raise awareness of Sudden Adult Death Syndrome and ways to prevent or diagnose it early would be National Healthcare System, the truth is that NHS establishments are preoccupied with a vast variety of diseases and their treatment. Consequently, less attention is paid to the problem of Sudden Adult Death Syndr ome solely. ... Organizations involved in raising awareness of SADS Despite that NHS is not actively involved in raising awareness of Sudden Adult Death Syndrome and developing guidelines on how to act, there are charitable organizations that are devoted to the cause. These organizations were established majorly by relatives of those who died in result of Sudden Adult Death Syndrome. Among such organizations are Sudden Death Support Association and SADS – Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (http://www.sads.org.uk/), who raise awareness and provide support for families, and Ashley Jolly Sudden Adult Death Trust (http://www.sadsuk.org/), Cardiac Risk in Young (CRY: http://www.c-r-y.org.uk/) who raise awareness of the disease, support the families who have gone through deaths of loves ones, and are involved in fundraising for the cause to equip local communities, colleges, schools with automated external defibrillators (Patient UK, 2011). Awareness of Sudden Adult Death Syndrome is also raised thr ough booklets and events from British Heart Foundation, which provides information on cardiac illnesses including SADS. SADS UK – The Ashley Jolly Sad Trust According to the official website, â€Å"The Ashley Jolly Sad Trust (SADS UK) is a voluntary organization that exists to raise awareness about little known heart conditions in young people and provides information and support to families who have experienced the sudden unexpected death of a loved one due to such a condition. The Trust fundraises to purchase and donate heart monitoring equipment to detect potentially fatal heart conditions in order that once a condition is identified the patient can be referred to a cardiologist for treatment, to minimize the risk of sudden premature death.†

Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal-Mart, Target and Kmart - Essay Example Kmart has a long history; recently it is trying to emerge from bankruptcy reorganization. Kmart is slowly losing its customers to Wal-Mart. Before being bankrupted Kmart was the second best retailer after Wal-Mart. Both companies used different strategies to outsmart each other. They tried different strategies to woo the customers. After coming out from bankruptcy Kmart found that it has lost most of the customers to Wal-Mart and other retailers like Target. Its total net profit also declined considerably. Target took this opportunity to its full advantage and started aggressive campaigning. Though the think tank of Target knew that most of Kmart's customers would go to Wal-Mart rather than coming to Target's stores, they started slashing the prices of the products and announced heavy discounts on them. They used innovative ideas to woo the customers. To maintain its top position Wal-Mart used to slash the rates so that when customers come to purchase the items would buy other products also. These items were termed as loss leaders. Most of the middle class families are Wal-Mart's customers. Target aimed at upper middle class. Because of this stiff competition between Wal-Mart, Kmart, Target, Costco, etc., customer has wide range of choices to choose. Customer can buy products at discount rates.

My leadership philosophy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My leadership philosophy - Personal Statement Example This leadership philosophy is assisted by defining my values in life. My personal values are a sense of duty, integrity, courage, loyalty, respect, selfless service and honor. These values are committed to be adhered at all times and despite encountering various challenges. I also have recognized that one of the guiding principles that should support a leader’s actions is compliance with the ethics of reciprocity. Just like what President Harry Truman affirmed in his speech entitled â€Å"A Public Man Must Live in the Present†, he believed that â€Å"the fundamental basis for a happy life with family and friends is to treat others as you would like to be treated, speak truthfully, act honorably and keep commitments to the letter† (Truman par. 2). This principle, likewise applies to subordinates and colleagues, alike. In carrying out one’s responsibilities, one must be aware that leaders must have the ability to understand, not only the scope of one’s duties; but also the impact that one’s role and responsibilities contribute to one’s followers, to various stakeholders, and to the organization, as a whole. Thus, leaders do not only have the obligation to carry out the responsibilities explicitly defined in their professional portfolio; more so, leaders should have the innate skills and genuine commitment to ensure that the responsibilities that must be carried out by his or her followers, must be duly accomplished, with proper motivation, guidance, direction, coaching, and mentoring strategies, which would facilitate and encourage them, wholeheartedly, to achieve. My priorities, therefore, are also my commitment to undertake my responsibilities in the organization which I serve; and also to act and behave according to ethical, moral, and legal standards. I was influenced and strongly affected by the words from John McCain, in

Why I am not a Vegan Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why I am not a Vegan - Personal Statement Example Discussion and facts backed up by authentic research which are presented in this paper are basically meant to illuminate the reality of the claim that we humans are naturally meant to eat meat not only because our digestive systems are well suited to break down animal protein, but also because meat bags higher position on the scale of food value than plant sources. I am proud on not to be a vegan because meat fulfils my daily energy requirements better than plant foods ever can do. I find people around me, who happen to be rigid vegetarians, munching different types of snacks all day long because their energy requirements do not get fulfilled by relying on plant sources alone like tofu, soybeans, etc. and their vigor markedly recedes consequentially. In order to meet with the amount of calories required to be consumed by a person per day, vegetarians have to cook and eat some portion out of every item from a variety of plant foods at one time while people who do not hesitate in indul ging with meat consumption do not have to go through any such trouble. One meat item is more than often found equivalent to a variety of plant foods, therefore though vegetarians may claim that relying less on meat sources can save humans from many cardiovascular disease, this also remain an open reality that saying goodbye to meat means a great decline in human energy level which gets distorted as a result of consuming vegetables low in food value. People should consume meat fearlessly because even if certain diseases are found to be linked with certain cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure and heart attacks, this issue can be ruled out easily by reducing the amount of meat consumed on daily basis, rather than quitting meat altogether and following fake vegetarian concepts like eating a meat burger can be anything close to an unethical act. One credible defending point which can be used by meat lovers against vegetarians is that plants would be extinguished today if all humans become vegetarians which would leave no food for cattle as well. â€Å"If we only consumed plants, all the farmland now used to raise livestock would have to be used to raise edible plants, which could mean no livestock† (Hayward). I am also not a vegan because eating vegetables alone can never provide me with the kind of stamina and power which is required to fight various infection and diseases by a normal human being. Research identifies that eating meat not only maintains the balance of sound body health, but it also helps one in combating against several infections by providing enough strength to a person. It also remains a reality that though many efforts are made by vegetarians to advance their cause of saving animals and relying on vegetables, meat forms a fuller source of food for humans than vegetables or other plant sources do. Meat does not happen to be a source of high quality protein alone but research shows that it does much more to enhance human health because â€Å"its loaded with other healthful goodies, including high levels of: iron; B vitamins like niacin and riboflavin that provide healthy skin and nerves as well as help digestion† (Opposing Views, Inc.). Slacking around with minimal energy but showing off by maintaining a slim body status does not seem to form a very excitable idea for me to cut down on meat and go for plant foods,